Investigating Resistance Essay Example for Free

Investigating safeguard Essay tube is a property of a substance that conducts electricity. Resistance opposes the flow of electricity through conductors and it depends on the PHYSICAL NATURE of the particular conductor. In this investigation I must investigate how one of these physical facts affects the electrical resistance. I ordain crash my investigation into four parts, I will firstly plan my investigation. This will appropriate me to explain how I will carry out my investigation and forebode what I think will happen. The second part of my investigation will be the obtaining part. To complete this I must carry out my investigation and al-Quran the results.I will indeed be able to say if my prediction was correct. The third part will be analyzing the results I have made. This will allow me to draw conclusions. The fourth and final part will be evaluating my investigation, I will say if it could have been improved and if it worked as expected. APPARATUS I will need a Digital ammeter and a digital voltmeter because the readings given are a lot closer than with an analog one. I will need scarcely over a meter of 0. 19mm thick nichrome, a meter stick, a power supply, some wires and two crocodile clips PLANNING I have been given a piece of wire called Nichrome, which has a thickness of 0.19mm.I will connect this into the circuit using crocodile clips, I will stretch the wire across a meter stick and connect one crocodile clip at 0cm and one at 10 cm, I will record a reading from both the ammeter and the voltmeter, I will then move the crocodile clip which is on 10cm to 20 cm and again take a reading from both the ammeter and the voltmeter before enter the results into a table. The variable for my experiment will be the length so to keep it a fair test I must use 10 cm jumps each time, use the same metal each time closeing it must be Nichrome of 0. 19mm.I will eventually have a full table of results ranging from 10cm to 100cm. PREDICTION I predi ct that as the length of the wire increases, the resistance will increase. I predict this will happen because Resistance is due to the atoms in the wire. The electric charges will collide with the atoms, slowing them down. If the wire is longer, then there are more atoms in the way of the charges so the resistance will increase. The resistance will depend directly on the number of atoms in the wire. I have indicated in the rough graph below on what I think will happen and what it will then look like on the graph.RESULTS Results below are first set recorded duration Of Wire Current Voltage Resistance CMSecond set will now be recorded before finding the eventual average Results below are Second set recorded Length of wire Current Voltage Resistance CM (A) (V) (Ohms) The table below shows the average of the results allowing me to plot the graph. It shows the average resistances Temperature Resistance results 1 Resistance results 2 Average Resistance CM (Ohms) (Ohms) (Ohms) .I will now go on to plot the graph before recording my conclusion. Conclusion After recording my results and plotting the graph I can say that my prediction was correct. This shows that resistance is greater the longer the wire is because there will be more atoms for the electrical charges to hit the atoms and get slowed down. From what my results say I am willing to predict that if I had a thicker piece of Nichrome say 0. 37mm thick then the resistance would be even greater because not only will the length give more resistance but now that it is thicker will mean there will be space for more atoms.

Amateurism in Ncaa football Essay Example for Free

Amateurism in Ncaa football game EssayThe National collegial Athletic Association is corrupted with sneakiness, unfairness and greediness, particularly in ingredient one colleges. In North America, sports play a huge role, especially sports like football, hockey, basketball and baseball. Sometimes this causes us to become vanished of fairness, like are the players existence treated right? A great example of in on the dotice in sports is amateurism of football players in division one colleges.Division one and division devil athletes must obtain amateurism, which is playing the sport as a hobby rather than for the property, many would define amateurism as worthy except it is really vitiate and monopolized Should NCAA athletes get paid? Numerous of people would easily answer no because college athletes are on scholarships and various athletic departments loses money even with a pleasant record. similarly college athletes have advantages with free tuition, books, living exp enses, food, clothing and health.Although all of these features appear wonderful further there are more cons than pros of amateurism. For example the NCAA is a task that are making money out of these athletes basically for free and yes they do receive tuition but that does not compare to the large amount of money the NCAA is making out of them. According the Stanford Review, college athletic is a multimillion-dollar industry with recruiting the best of the best in the nation. So why not pay the best of the best, if they place in all this hard work, then they should be rewarded.Instead the National Colligate Athletic Association is a monopoly because of its limitation of scholarships and other payments to boost its college sports program. Also not all of the athletes receive scholarships. College football players put in more work on the field than they do in the classrooms. For example when in flavour they have five-hour practices and that doesnt include lifting for an hour and t his is from Tuesday to Friday with game day on Saturday.After the season is over then they begin spring ball which is just only practices and plus they fatiguet have a summer break because they have to stay for summer ball. We consider college athletes as student athletes but that is such an oxymoron because in realty their sport does come before their schoolwork. When playing in a big division one school, most athletes believe to base it in the big leagues but sadly only about 2% makes it. Colleges should stress more on education for so call student athletes but they dont because of the athletes popularity and how the NCAA is making money out of them regardless if they have a future afterward or not.Its appalling how the NCAA contract includes that when an athlete commits and decides to transfer to play for another school then they have to sit out a year. This rule is so unfair because coaches dont have to do that. The NCAA is the biggest monopoly in America according to Bloombe rg Businessweek Magazine. When selling college souvenirs and jerseys, videogames, etc and the athlete does not make any money from that, even if they are the main reason for those sales. It is amazing that most players receive a free education but does not compare to what the NCAA is making off of them.The players should receive a boot out of these profits or gain a portion of this money after graduation so it canful help them financially with their futures. Sadly the NCAA is too unselfish of themselves and if an athlete is injure or not performing well then they have no problem wiping their name off the record books. The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a business that makes tons of money from college athletes. Another reason why the NCAA doesnt pay their athletes is because they allow be tax and they can lose a lot of money from that.Well, professional sports obviously pay their athletes and they are tax too but the professional leagues are doing well. College bask etball and college football are highly talked about and televised just like the professional sports so it shouldnt be a problem if college athletes get paid. With amateurism in college sports, athletic programs cheat. They secretly cheat by illegally over paying top players or handing them out free stuff. For instance Cam Newton who was an All-American quarterback playing for Auburn and multiple sclerosis before was secretly offered 120,000 to 18,000 from Mississippi State.Playing in top division one colleges, winning isnt everything, its the only thing and if athletic programs will cheat to have the best recruits and this is no surprise. If amateurism didnt exist, there wouldnt be any cheating scandals and every player will treated evenly from their performance.Brown, Noah. The NCAA Monopoly The Toonari Post News, Powered by the People The Toonari Post. N. p. , 24 Mar. 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. http//www. toonaripost. com/2011/03/sports/the-ncaa-monopoly/.

Challenges Faced by Honda

Challenges Faced by Honda1 IntroductionHonda is the most prospered guild existing in the market now twenty-four hourss with the latest applied science in the automobile patience with luxury cars to sports to family car they ca-ca a vast range of cars and motorbikes. Honda, (2010) In October 1946, Soichiro Honda established the Honda Technical Research Institute in Hamamatsu, Japan, to develop and produce small 2-cycle motorbike engines. Two years later, Honda tug Company, Ltd. was born, and in 1959 Honda opened its first storefront in Los Angeles with six industrious employees. Honda opened there first U.S. plant in 1979 and sop up evolved into a lodge that directly employing much than 25,000 Ameri substructures. More than 100,000 workers are employed at authorized Honda automobile, motorcycle and power-equipment dealerships in the United States. Tens of thousands of additional Americans are employed by more than nearly 600 U.S. suppliers from which Honda purchases parts an d materials.Honda, (2010) In the recent years the automobile crisis of 2008-2010 was the part of financial downturn, which affected automobile makers and suppliers around the world. The industry was weakened by the real growing in the prices of fuel linked to energy crisis of 2003-08 which discouraged purchases of automobiles with low fuel economy. In the year 2008 there were fewer fuel efficient models to project to the consumers, the bigger automobiles including General Motors, Toyota, Ford, Chrysler, Nissan and Honda Motors experienced sliding sales.Honda, (2010) Honda Motors in 2008 announced it would be down sizing due to 2008 economic crisis and predicted that there may be reductions in staff at all levels of the counselling effective January 20092 Strategic Analyses, (2010). The process of strategicalal analysis the process of conducting research on the business surroundings within which an organization ope order and on the organization itself, in order to formulate d odging. A number of tools are use in the process of strategic analysis, including PEST, organise analysis, and Michael Porters five forces model.Pest Analysis, (2010) Pest analysis is for Political, Economic, social, and Technological analysis and helps to set a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management.Williams and Curtis (2007) that political factors include government regulations and legal issues and define both formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Specifically, political factors areas such as appraise policy, labor law, advertising law, environmental law, change over restrictions, tariffs, and political stability Government plays an important lineament in the economy as intumesce as in taxes to be charged to the family. These factors also play an important role in the employment law, competition regulations as the company can not make specialised prices as they have to follow the competition regulations.Economic factors have economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. Pest Analysis, (2010) the factors have major impacts on how business works and decision making, example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore it affects the business and how will grow and expand. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting heftys and the supply and price of imported goods. Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers as the power to buy the point of intersection.Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the extraneous microenvironment. Pest Analysis, (2010) social factors affect customer needs and the size of market as well on the aim for a companys products and how that company will perform. Companies change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Social factors affect the needs and wants of the customer and the panache t hey buy a particular product, as the demand may decline with the saucily product which offered to the wrong age sector.Pest Analysis, (2010) Technological factors can abridge the barriers to enter and reduce minimum efficient mathematical product levels, and play a big role outsourcing decisions. They can help to determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Technological factors help to technological shifts that can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation.SWOT analysis, (2010) SWOT analysis is a strategic planning order used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business.SWOT analysis is a business tool by which, a firm will be able to implement a strategic analysis, analyzes and recognizes its corporate Strengths and Weaknesses as well as the existed or forthcoming Opportunities and Threats from its external environment. Completing a SWOT analysis will help in identifying and the ways to minimize the affect of weaknesses in your business while increase your strengths still when these four critical information elements are well elaborated and known.SWOT analysis compiles of, SWOT analysis, (2010)Strengths attributes of the aboutone or company that is helpful to achieving the objectiveWeaknesses attributes of the person or company that is harmful to achieving the objectiveOpportunities external conditions that is helpful to achieving the objectiveThreats external conditions which could do damage to the objectiveHonda Motors is one of the most successful automobiles company in the world and with the help of PEST analysis and SWOT analysis they have come so far as they are able to come across what are the political factors, economic, social and technological factors they have to understand when they are producing the automobiles as well have to understand the needs and wants of the customer as well as the economy of the place as the gov ernment plays an important role. They have to understand the technology they have to provide in there automobiles because the latest technology will be able to attract the people breach(p) and they would be able to reach the market better and the relevance of SWOT analysis in running the business is very important as Honda has to understand what are there strengths, weakness, opportunity, threats in order to be successful in the market as they need PEST and SWOT analysis together to be able to survive in the market for long run these two analysis helps Honda to be a better company and be able to understand its customers and their needs.2.1 Honda Reconciling dichotomies (Product related core competencies versus process related core capabilities. Constructing dichotomies is the best avenue for new ideas in the field of automobiles industry.Productivity, (2010) Product related core competencies are measurement of the effective use of the resources, expressed as the ratio of outfit a nd input. Productivity as the ratioof output and input. Productivity us very important to business because they can gain market share and make great profits. For example, when productivity increases, product costs decline and product price can be reduced.Productivity relates to competitiveness in the way that if two firms have the same level of output but one requires less input because of higher productivity, that one will be able to charge a lower price and consequently increase its shares of the market.Process related core capabilities typically describing the act of taking something through an establishment and usually set of procedures to convert it from one form to an another(prenominal), as a manufacturing or administrative procedure. The process core capabilities at Honda is playing an important role as it is helping in having new and create innovative ideas for the company and playing an important role in product related core competencies.Process Capabilities, (2010) The c oncept of process capability has been used by the manufacturing industry to measure the relation between product specifications and the measured process performance. Various ratios and indices have been developed to describe this relation.2.2 International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across supranationalist borders or territories. International Trade, (2010) international trade area has flourished over the years due to the many benefits, as it has offered services to many countries across the world. International trade is the exchange of goods and services for an amount of capital. It is also one of important sources of money making for developing country, with the help of modern manufacturing techniques, advanced transportation, transnational corporations, outsourcing of manufacturing and services, and rapid industrialization, the international trade system is spreading and growing fast.International trade, (2010) Great variety of goods available for consump tion and international trade brings in different kinds of goods from different destinations. This gives consumers a variety of choice to choose from and which will not only improve their quality but also the whole country. Better allocation and better practice of resources, since countries tend to produce goods and items which they are good at and have a comparative advantage towards its competitors.Efficient production will help countries and they will be able to adopt better methods of producing goods and this will keep the cost down in order to remain competitive. Countries that can produce a product at the lower price will be able to capture a larger market share in the market. Therefore an incentive to produce efficiently arises. This will help standards of the product to increase and consumers will have a good quality product to consume.Automobile industry, (2010) Restricting trade in the context of use of global automobile industry, the global automotive industry, rapidly changing with global mergers and relocating its production centers towards emerging and developing economies. The industry is subject to imperfect competition which has resulted in too much of capacity, too many competitors and too much redundancy and overlap.The industry is worried about the demands and wants of consumers about product styling, safety, comfort and manufacturing efficiency. The industry have to really work hard to meet the demands of the consumers and what are the new wants as what types of cars they want in the automobile industry. Specialization in automobile (Honda) sector is progressively becoming segment specific as each of these countries is finding its niche. China is specializing in components, India in two wheelers and small vehicles, Thailand in pick-up trucks and passenger cars and Indonesia in utility-grade vehicles. As Honda is understating its market in these areas and other areas of the world as they are providing according to their customers wants as they have restriction in providing different kinds of automobiles which is not essential in the particular country.Automobile industry is a symbol of technical marvel by human kind. Being one of the fastest growing sectors in the world with its dynamic growth phases are explained by nature of competition, product life cycle and consumer demand.3 Whittingtons phylogenesisal and Systemic nurtures of plans. Applying the two conditions of thought in developing strategy to Honda motors. Evolutionary process in which the Evolutional is way in which the evolutionary perspective sell or die. Strategy, (2010)Marketing communications decisions are for short-term pickIn the long-term we might be deadIntense focus on short-run sales, not long-term brand-buildingWhittingtons four schools of thoughtThe development strategy of Honda Motors have used the Whittington evolutional and Systemic school of thought in there process and the way to understand the market better and its competition. N ot only maximizing the profit but also original pride and acculturation as described under in the figureEvolutionary and Systemic schools of thoughtWhittingtonEvolutionSystemicOpportunities to make decision and competitionUnexpected swings in futureCompetition does not imply efficiency markets can be manipulated society has other criteria s for corporations than just profit maximizationFinding possible causes of work on and objectiveTrial and error forced choicesLocal approvedSelecting course of action and developing strategyImproving operations managementStrategic objectives dependson the specific social system inwhich the strategy is createdStrategyStrategy = day to day management for surviving and competitive natureOther than profit maximizing is professional pride, influence, religion and cultureThe two schools of thought which are beingness used by Honda Motors in order to develop their strategies are Evolutional and Systemic and Honda are using these tools in a proper mann er likewise inEvolutional school of thought used by Honda inMarketing communications decisions are for short-term survivalCommunication decisions are for short term in the evolution processIntense focus on short-run sales, not long-term brand-building.They have to consider intense focus on the marketThe school of thought who is better is Systemic school of thought because of lots of reason Systemic school of thought haveSystemic School of thought used by HondaConsumer attitudes and behavior are confined to social systems with given norms, values, roles, culture, and ethics. Honda understands all these behavior and attitude of the customer in order to develop a better strategy in future.Limitations to what marketing communications can do in terms of market share the consumer culture rules, Honda have to have a good knowledge about the marketing communication and know its limitsOther rational reasons for marketing communications than pure profit maximization, such as religion, cultur e and professional pride.This school of thought is better and more suited towards Honda as it keeps an eye on the consumer demand needs and wants as well understand its customer behavior. They have good knowledge of the marketing process. Honda believes in professional pride, culture and religion understanding of the people and how people react to these norms as Honda is the leading Automobile industry as it suites towards the Systemic school of thought in order towards the strategic development.Proper explanation of Systemic in figure below4 Processual schools of thought is about understanding the brand and influencing the brand with some risk taking in decision making and Processual approach helps firm to maintain its finale of a simple strategy based on four loop. The loops can affect but should not change the strategic management of the firm and it is aboutConsumer attitudes and behaviors can be influencedContinuous improvement of brand, Creative ways of reaching customerAdvert ising managementCertain degree of risk-taking in decision-making allows for innovative andThe Processual School of purview is about making the Honda adopt the strategy and develop a brand by understanding its customers and their need and wants. At the same time understand its values. The implications of strategic management on the four loops.The rational loop helps in making sure that strategic management would be based on rational thoughts and ideas. Processual school of thought helps in focusing on the use of rational decision making when making decisions and controlling the use of strategies. It helps and makes sure that all the implications of any decisions or strategies would be carefully analyzed under Processual School of Thought. Therefore Processual School of Thought is making the strategic management of the rational loop more though full and full of new ideas.The overt politics loop with the help of Processual School of Thought helps to create a more open influence on str ategic management. Politics are used by some to add their ideas to strategic management without being discreet about it. Overt politics focuses on the use of influence and connections to assert strategic ideas with the help of Processual School of Thought and that is best thing for the companyThe Culture and cognition loop plays an important role when evaluated by the Processual School of Thought as it makes use of culture and tradition to influence strategic management decision and to make the strategies based on the culture of the place and country. Honda Motors uses culture and cognition as important factor in strategic development. The culture and cognition loop makes use of ideas to change strategic management decision so that the firm will act according to the needs and wants of the environment. In this loop Processual School of Thought would serve an important part in making decisions that will affect the firm and Processual approach helps the firm maintain its goal of a simp le strategy based on the four loops.The undercover politics loop with the help of Processual approach helps to create a more secretive means to influence strategic management this involves a member of the Honda Motors secretively influencing strategic management decisions in his favor. Covert politics loop is a more secretive way to influence decisions and strategies and this usually creates decisions that may be advantageous to the company.5 ConclusionsHonda Motors is one of the leading automobiles industries and in couple of years they have been facing problems as the industry was weakened by the rapid increase in the fuel prices as well as to energy crisis of 2003-08, which made people to buy less of automobiles with low fuel economy. In the year 2008 there were some models released by Honda with fuel efficient models to offer to the consumers, the bigger automobiles including General Motors, Toyota, Ford, Chrysler, Nissan and Honda Motors experienced sliding sales.Honda has us ed PEST and SWOT analysis to work harder to achieve the goal to make their sales go high, and have worked on the weakness in the market as well. Honda has studied there PEST analysis and the factors that are touching their company. Honda being the leading automobile industry has to know its strengths and weakness, when dealing with their customer. They need to know their needs wants and demands.Whittingtons Evolutional and Systemic schools of thoughts are being applied by Honda Motors to the better development of their strategy and which helps them to know where they are standing in the market and with the help of the four loops Honda can know its company better way as they will be able to understand its culture, religion and this will help to make better strategic decisions for the company.

The Study Of Solubility Equilibrium

The Study Of Solubility EquilibriumThe first part of this stir aims to tick off the solvability product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate in water supply, and thereby determine how the enthalpy and entropy change of the dis reply response, according to the equilibrium KHC4H4O6 (s) K+ (aq) + HC4H4O6- (aq) (1), changes with temperature. The befriend part of this experiment aims to examine the common ion effect through determination of the Ksp of KHC4H4O6 in potassium nitrate (KNO3) dissolvent for varying K+ concentrations.ResultsI.Titrating 25.0cm3 of KHC4H4O6 solution with 0.07415M NaOH solution with phenolphthalein indicator gave the fol starting results To determine Ksp at 302.15KAmount of NaOH utilize = clean volume of NaOH utilise 0.07415M= 13.35 10-3 0.07415= 9.899 10-4 breakwater= Amount of HC4H4O6- moveedTotal volume of the solution = Average volume of NaOH used + 25.0 cm3 of HC4H4O6- solution= 13.35 + 25.0 = 38.35 cm3Since K+ = HC4H4O6-, Ksp = K+HC4H4O6 - = HC4H4O6-2 = 0.25812 = 6.662-10-4Table 1 Solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate at various temperaturesTemperature / KAverage VNaOH used / cm3Amount of NaOH used / counterspyAmount of HC4H4O6- reacted / molHC4H4O6- / mol dm-3Solubility of HC4H4O6-/ mol dm-3Kspln Ksp1/T / K-1282.56.650.00049310.0049310.015580.015580.0002427-8.3240.0035402929.250.00068690.0068690.020030.020030.0004010-7.8210.00342530213.350.00098990.0098990.025810.025810.0006663-7.3140.003311311.518.350.0013610.013610.031390.031390.0009852-6.9230.003210322.526.650.0019760.019760.038260.038260.001464-6.5270.003101Given that Greaction = Hreaction TSreaction - (2) and Greaction = RT ln K - (3), combining the two equations and rearranging gives us the linear function- (4)Using the data obtained in this experiment to plot this linear function gives Graph 1 shown belowGraph 1 Linear curve of ln Ksp against 1/TEquation of line-ln Ksp = 4113(1/T) + 6.264=- 4113Hreaction=- (- 4113 8.314)=+34 195 J m ol-1 (4s.f.) =+34.195 kJ mol-1Uncertainty (standard difference of opinion)= 105.3 8.314 = 875.5Hreaction= + 34 195 875.5 J mol-1=6.264Sreaction=6.264 8.314=+52.08 J K-1 mol-1 (4s.f.)Uncertainty (standard deviation)= 0.3497 8.314 = 2.907Sreaction= + 52.08 2.907 J K-1 mol-1Greaction = + 34 195 T (+ 52.08) J mol-1Solubility of HC4H4O6- and Ksp increases with increasing temperature, and a positive Hr quantify shows that the dissolution of KHC4H4O6 is an endothermic process. Since the order of Sr is smaller than that of Hr, Gr is forever positive in the temperature range of 282.5K to 322.5K, as carried out in this experiment. This indicates that the dissolution of KHC4H4O6 is always non-spontaneous for this temperature range, and hence KHC4H4O6 is a sparingly soluble salt.II.Titration of KHC4H4O6 in KNO3 solutions of different concentrations with 0.07413M NaOH solution with phenolphthalein indicator at room temperature to observe the common ion effect gave the following resu lts To determine the Ksp and solubility of HC4H4O6- at room temperature when KNO3 = 0.01MAmount of K+ from KNO3 = 0.01 70 10-3 = 7.00-10-4 molAmount of NaOH used = 11.45 10-3 0.07413 = 8.508 10-4 mol= Amount of HC4H4O6- reactedTotal amount of K+ = (7.00-10-4) + (8.508 10-4) = 1.55 10-3 molTotal volume = 25.0 + 11.45 = 36.45 cm3K+total =Ksp =Table 2 Solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate at various potassium nitrate concentrationsT / KKNO3 / MAverage volume of NaOH used / cm3Amount of NaOH / molAmount of HC4H4O6- reacted / molTotal amount of K+ / molK+total / mol dm-3Solubility of HC4H4O6- / mol dm-3Ksp3010.0111.450.00085090.00085090.0015510.042550.023340.00099323010.0210.350.00076910.00076910.0021690.061360.021760.0013353020.039.500.00070590.00070590.0028060.081330.020460.0016643020.048.600.00063910.00063910.0034390.10240.019020.001947Graph 2 Graph of solubility of KHC4H4O6 (M) against K+total (M)The data obtained in this part of the experiment shows that solubility of HC4H4O6- decreases with increasing total K+ concentration for a given(p) temperature (302K). This is due to the common ion effect the heading of the common ion K+ suppresses the dissociation of KHC4H4O6 according to (1), since K+ concentration is greater than the equilibrium KHC4H4O6 concentration. The greater the K+ concentration, the lesser the extent of dissociation of KHC4H4O6, and hence the less soluble HC4H4O6- is in water.DiscussionThe solubility of a substance is the amount of the substance dissolved in 1 L of its saturated solution for a given temperature. Ksp on the other hand, is the product of the ion concentrations raised to their respective powers on the dissolution equilibrium equation, and is constant for a given temperature.Since the dissolution of KHC4H4O6 is an endothermic process, when temperature increases, the forward reaction is favoured to absorb the excess heat. This causes Ksp values to increase with increasing temperature, as observed, sin ce concentration of products, i.e. K+ and HC4H4O6-, increases. The heat absorbed is used to overcome solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions, such that solute-solvent interactions can form during the dissolution process. Also, as a solid dissolves, entropy of the system is increased, since the greater number of liquid particles increases disorderliness. Hence as temperature increases, Gr will be increasingly negative, indicating that the dissolution of KHC4H4O6 gets increasingly spontaneous as temperature increases.In this experiment, Hr and Sr are assumed to be insignificantly dependent on temperature.rH(T2) = rH(T1) + (T2-T1) rCp - (5) (Atkins, 2006)From Kirchhoffs law (5), rH is dependent on temperature, assuming that constant-pressure heat capacities (Cp) is independent of temperature. For the above assumption to attain true, rCp should be insignificant, i.e. (Cp) of the products and reactants should have approximately equal values. Since Cp is affected by how much of a substance there is in the solution the greater the number of particles, the greater the amount of heat energy needed to raise the overall temperature of the solution by 1K and the KHC4H4O6 solution used in titration is saturated, the amount of substance in the solution can be approximated to be the same. Thus, Cp of the products and reactants can be approximated to be the same, and hence rCp is minimum. Similarly, since Sr is dependent on Cp as healthful, we can assume it to be insignificantly dependent on temperature as well.For the above argument to hold true, the KHC4H4O6 solution used in titration must be saturated, and steps to ensure this should be taken one, continual swirling of the solution before filtration to ensure all solid has been dissolved two, maintaining supposed temperature of the solution immediately before filtering, since the saturated solution is filtered in small portions three, apparatus used to contain the filtrate must be dry such that the saturated s olution is not diluted by the presence of any water. General titration techniques were also employed, such as rinsing apparatus with the solutions that they are to contain to ensure no contamination and accurate concentrations, as well as keeping the amount of phenolphthalein indicator, a weak acid, to a minimum, to prevent the lowering of the pH of the solution, which results in more than the required amount of NaOH needed to react with the saturated KHC4H4O6 solution.For Section 1 of this experiment, comparing experimental and literature Ksp values gives the following At approximately 302KLiterature value of solubility of KHC4H4O6 in water = 7.3693 103 kgsalt/kgwater (Lopes, 2001)Literature Ksp value = (7.3693 103 gsalt/mlwater) (188.1772 g mol-1)2= (39.161 10-3 mol L-1)2= 1.534 10-3Experimental Ksp value (Section 1) = 6.663 10-4Mean Ksp value (Section 2) = 1.485 10-3The literature Ksp value in Section 1 of this experiment was 2.302 times higher than that of the experiment al Ksp value at 302K. Besides, since Ksp is only dependent on temperature, Ksp values at the same temperature should be constant and independent of concentrations. The mean Ksp value obtained in the Section 2 of this experiment, however, was 2.229 times greater than that obtained in Section 1 of this experiment, though it only had a 3.300% difference from the literature Ksp value.The abnormally low Ksp value obtained in Section 1 of this experiment indicates less than expected K+ and HC4H4O6- concentrations in the solution, and can stem from either the effect of a deviation from temperature, or from the solution being unsaturated. However, the data obtained in this experiment showed an accurate slue expected of Ksp values for increasing temperature, hence eliminating temperature deviation as a possible source of error. Furthermore, this trend also reflects expected solubility trends, and is sufficient in demonstrating the aims of this experiment.ConclusionThe aims of this experimen t have been met, as shown by the increasing trend of Ksp values for increasing temperature, as well as the decreasing solubility of HC4H4O6- in water for increasing K+ concentration, due to the common ion effect. These combined prove that Ksp is only dependent on temperature, given that care has been taken to ensure a saturated solution when carrying out the experiment.

Maiden Name Philip Larkin Analysis

Maiden Name Philip Larkin AnalysisIn a chemise diary note, Philip Larkin stated At 1.45 am let me remember that the only married state I know (i.e. that of my parents) is bloody hell. Never must it be forgotten. Larkin expresses a loss of be stayfs and judgementls in spousal prominently in The Whitsun Weddings (TWW) and The Less Deceived (TLD) by examining the musical themes that married dyad signifies imprisonment and leads to a loss of identity, as well as that all marriages are banal and similar. However, there are notions of the idea that perchance not all is lost, and this is summed up best in Larkins famous words from An Arundel Tomb, What allow survive of us is love. Whether these words really mean what they say is debatable either the romantic idea that love triumphs shoemakers last or the realistic opinion that the couple in the meter had not actually intended to be eternally faithful to from each one other. Nevertheless, it is clear that Larkin holds a certain disbelief regarding the conception of a happy marriage through his observations of ordinary people, his use of regular structure and the straightforwardness of his writing.Philip Larkin seems to have shared Russells views, as he rejected the idea of marriage and committed himself to bachelorhood, as he says, I see life more as an affair of solitude diversified by company than as an affair of company diversified by solitude (Hirsch, p.114). According to Edward Hirsch, Larkin never recovered from his parents cramped, loveless marriage, a bloody hell he vowed never to adopt (p.118). His parents marriage besides led him to believe that Two can live as stupidly as one. Larkin enjoyed several sexual relationships without ever getting married, presentation that he clearly did not agree with public constitutions in the 1950s and 60s, but was more representative of the ideas of independence and freedom of choice of the common man.TWW was create in 1964, and brought Larkin a remarkable measure of popular esteem (Swarbrick, p.5). In this anthology, Larkin explores the various forms that love can take and what it meant to him. Andrew Swarbrick explains that love and death remain at the centre of TWW (p.92). This consolidates the overall theme existing in most of his poems loss and death. However, Larkins biographer, Andrew Motion, chose to look at it from a different augur of view Reading his poems in chronological sequence, it is clear that his obsession with death is inextricable from his fascination with love and marriage. (Hirsch, p.120) This suggests that Larkins constant fixation with death in TWW and TLD, published in 1955, is actually incensed by an interest in the inner workings of marriage. Hirsch clarifies, What Motion calls fascination is more accurately described as fascinated revulsion. (p.120)Even though Larkin make no secret of his aversion towards marriage (he thought of it as a revolting institution), he actually presents a diverse range of fee lings towards marriage in his poems. Love Songs in Age explores how an older woman feels or so love, or the loss of love, when she recovers her faded sheet music that had vanished in the daily frenzy of marriage and family. Only once she enters widowhood is she given a chance to pause and reminisce about her youthful feelings about love, that hidden freshness. Motion identifies the widow in the poem as Larkins mother (Swarbrick, p.108). In Stanza 2, Larkin seems to adopt a tone of optimism, expressing the vivacity of youthful energy with the use of the simile, spread out like a spring-woken tree, implying that the widow had move from the winter to the spring of her life, if only for that moment when she plays her love songs. This optimism seems to carry on to the next stanza, where Larkin describes love as that much-mentioned brilliance. This description of love seems to contradict Larkins pessimistic views on love, and complies with societys stodgy views that love is brilliant.H owever, the use of the word glare downplays the bright incipience of love, as it suggests that the brilliance of love is too much to bear, and therefore impossible. The poem thereof ends on a negative note, where the lady in the poem realises that love has not managed to deliver its promises to solve, and satisfy, as she is left alone afterwards her husbands death, and has to admit lamely that love had not done so then, and could not now, announcering to loves failure to last or to deliver. This poem therefore contradicts the feelings of some individuals, such as G.M. Carstairs, who in 1962, argued that fresh people are rapidly making marriage itself more mutually considerate and satisfying through premarital sex. (Lewis, p.259) Love Songs in Age dissipates the idea that marriage is mutually considerate, by looking at a marriage that ended too early and left one party alone and in tears, dispelling the fairytale conception of happily ever after.Even though TLD was published 9 ye ars earlier than TWW, Larkin shows an early awareness of the reality of marriage, and the negative aspects it entails, suggesting that marriage causes a loss of identity in Maiden Name. This poem is about a womans role in getting married and is written in indorse person, such as in since you were so thankfully confused. This makes the reader feel drawn into the text, as if the persona is speaking directly to him/her, soaringlighted by the use of imperatives campaign whispering it slowly. The poem was written about Winifred Arnott, with whom Larkin had a brief relationship. This relationship ended when she left for London and became engaged in 1954, which lends to the personas tone of betrayal in this poem, such as in since youre past and gone, implying that Arnotts marriage caused her old self to disappear. The persona insists that the five light sounds of her maiden cry no longer mover your face,/Your component, and all your variants of grace. It is unusual that a name shoul d mean a face and a voice, rather than the person herself, and Larkin might do this in order to point out the different aspects of a person that a name can recall. In its regular rhyme scheme (a,b,b,a,c,c,a) and structure, this poem seems like a conventional love poem, according to societys ideas. This is highlighted in the intimate tone of Try whispering it slowly.Just like the hidden song sheets in Love Songs in Age, the womans name in Maiden Name has been abandoned in old things, eliciting a rhetorical question from the persona Then is it scentless, weightless, strengthless wholly/Untruthful? The tone of voice here seems uncertain and the repetition of -less implies that the woman has been diminished after marrying. The persona is adamant that the woman has lost a part of herself after marrying, as he gushes, How beautiful you were, and near, and young, /So vivid, suggesting that she does not have as much of these qualities anymore. This poem therefore argues that marriage leads to the depreciating of a womans identity and beauty with the extra baggage that comes with marriage, referring to the husband. In doing so, Larkin discourages women from getting married and expresses his loss of beliefs in marriage. Nowadays, an increasing number of women are overcoming the problem of losing ones identity when getting married by simply tutelage their maiden name and pairing it with their husbands name.The Larkin that is present in TLD seems more sentimental as compared to in TWW, where he is more discerning to the realities of relationships. Talking in sleep with is about the gap between expectation and reality. The tone of the poem is set in the first line, where Talking in bed ought to be easiest, the word ought suggesting indecision and untruth. It suggests that there is no honesty in all relationships even at its most intimate. This is emphasized by the pun on the word Lying, in that the couple is lying next to each other as well as lying to each other. Larki n uses an extended metaphor to compare the relationship in the poem to the disturbing weather outside the winds uncomplete unrest. Larkin therefore exposes the turmoil of marriage and forces the reader to reconsider whether marriage actually results in security and comfort, or if it causes incomplete unrest. Jane Lewis essay explains that public institutions in the 1960s attempted to refute the idea that marriages are insecure by setting up marriage counsellors and stressed the greatness of a personally grounded morality for a happy marriage.Larkin has a specific style throughout all his poems. Most of them follow a rigid structure, where each stanza has a fixed number of lines. For example, Talking in Bed consists of four tercets, which give the appearance of security and regularity. The structure of the poem thereby belies its content of uncertainty. This is as well as evident in the regular structure of The Whitsun Weddings, where there are 8 stanzas of 10 lines each, which a lso gives the impression that all marriages are standard.The title poem of TWW is perhaps one of Larkins most famous. The Whitsun Weddings describes a set up ride Larkin took from Hull to London, and in a frail/travelling coincidence ends up on the same t fall all the newlyweds also take on Whitsun Day. The Whitsun Day celebrates the coming of the Holy Spirit as described in Acts, Chapter 2, (Leach) and falls 50 days after Easter Sunday. It is financially advantageous for couples to be married for taxation reasons on this day, and as Larkin decided to write about Whitsun Day, he implies that marriage is cheap. Larkin uses vivid mental imagery (sound, sight, smell and touch) and a colloquial tone (We ran/Behind the backs of houses) to portray the English countryside through the windows of the train carriage. The images appear like snapshots, giving the reader a intellect of immediacyWide farms went by, short-shadowed cattle, andCanals with floatings of industrial frothA hothouse f lashed uniquely hedges dippedAnd rose and now and then a smell of grass(14-18)This serves as an introduction that builds up to the fourth stanza, where the persona finally notices the fanfare and excitement surrounding the train, where the wedding-days/Were coming to an end. Larkin describes the newlyweds as fresh, implying that they ordain not last long. He also mentions the secret like a happy funeral, an oxymoron suggesting that marriage is joyful, but also signifies the end of freedom for the couple. Another bold figure of speech Larkin uses is the religious wounding, which could refer to the sexual anticipation of losing the brides virginity that their friends feel or the fact that the religious act of marriage is painful. Lewis clarifies Marriage as a public institution had traditionally been support by a rigid code of Christian sexual morality. An interesting note about this poem is that Larkin does not mention where the train stops, and this suggests that marriage has no di rection, and is therefore uncertain.In Stanza 7, Larkin shows how all marriages are the same in that their lives would all contain this hour, dissipating any notions that each wedding is unique. On the other hand, Larkin is inevitably caught up with the couples as We hurried towards London. He seems to be immersed in the excitement of the Whitsun Weddings, seeing himself as part of them. The image of something as dangerous as an arrow-shower changing into groom rain gives a sense of rebirth and rejuvenation. However, only somewhere does it become rain, which could mean that the arrow-shower is heretofore lethal in other places. It could also signify the required breakdown of marriage, as the arrows descend and rain could mean mould and cause floods. Martin Amis elaborates that, to Larkin, Hull was as dull as rain. Rain was what Larkin matt-up marriages turned into, rain was what love and desire eventually become. (http//ghrendhel.tripod.com/textos/amispolitical.htm) This highligh ts Larkins belief that all marriages are banal and dull.Where Larkin looks at multiple simultaneous weddings in The Whitsun Weddings, he focuses on a specific wedding in The Wedding-Wind, published in TLD and completed in 1946. This poem explores the feelings of a farmers bride a day after her wedding. She is evidently delighted, seen as my wedding-night was the night of the high wind, the strong wind suggesting passion. However, the wind could also symbolise unrest, just like in Talking in Bed. However, the image in the final line, Our kneeling as cattle by all-generous waters, depicts the womans appreciation for being married. It echoes the feelings of most women after they marry, believing that they are on the path to completing their purpose in life. Marriage focal point advocates in the 1960s concurred that womens needs were above all for traditional marital relationships. (Lewis, p.235)Although The Wedding-Wind expresses the womans ecstatic mood, Andrew Swarbrick believes tha t there is beyond her a lurking sense of threat. This is evident when the bride is abandoned for a while on her wedding-night, leaving her stupid in candlelight. It is interesting as well to note that the husband is mostly absent from the poem, leaving the bride to stare. This implies that women are unattended in marriage. The three questions that end the poem suggest uncertainty, and expose her vulnerability (Swarbrick, p.45). Larkin thereby conveys the ambiguous feelings of the woman, leaving the reader unsure as to whether marriage brings gaiety or loneliness.The final poem in TWW is An Arundel Tomb, which discusses the fate of marriage and love after death. It describes the tomb of the Earl and Countess of Arundel at Chichester Cathedral that Larkin had visited. The gentleness with which Larkin describes, One sees, with a strident tender shock, /His hand withdrawn, holding her hand, shows the pleasant surprise he felt to see everlasting love set in stone. However, this is dis missed with the next line, They would not think to lie so long, which suggests that the couple had not expected to be next to each other for so long, and the pun on the word lie in that they lie next to each other, and also lie to the world that they are in love just like in Talking in Bed, implies that such faithfulness in effigy is actually just a fabrication. The final stanza confirms this, as Time has transfigured them into/Untruth. As mentioned before, this poem (and thus the entire anthology) ends with What will survive of us is love. Yet this has been taken out of context, so the previous one and a half lines have to be looked at2544 Wordsand to splayOur almost-instinct almost trueWhat will survive of us is love.(40-42)The repetition of almost gives a sense of being so close to the truth, but not actually reaching it and therefore the last line is thrown into a different perspective. Our almost-instinct seems to be our need to believe in everlasting love after death but si nce it is only almost true and not entirely true, the last line is one that the persona wants to be true, but is not necessarily so. Therefore, Larkin still expresses a loss of beliefs in love and marriage. He commented on An Arundel Tomb, a rather romantic poem I dont like it much, which confirms his dislike for the romantic ideas about marriage the poem imparts. As he chose to end the anthology with this poem, it makes it all the more significant that Love isnt stronger than death just because statues hold hands for 600 years, which is what Larkin wrote on the multiple sclerosis draft (Swarbrick, p.114).Even through Larkins evident distaste for marriage, his literary executor, Anthony Thwaite, claims that, The fact that he has never married and has no children doesnt entail ignorance of, or contempt for, the institution or its usual result. Larkin rearticulates Ive remained single by choice, and shouldnt have liked anything else. Public institutions from 1920-1968 tried to appeal to the biologically determined needs of women for traditional marital relationships (Lewis, p.262) by publicising marriage guidance. Through the fact that they needed to do this, it can be inferred that there were rising divorce rates or fewer marriages in the 1960s, screening that Larkin was part of, and his poetry appealed to, a growing group of people who were unmarried. For the rest of society, Larkins poetry was a basis for reconsidering the purpose and effect of marriage.Larkins most effective technique, arguably, of word-painting his messaging is his use of the casual, colloquial tone paired with enjambement that imitates daily speech, which is easily understandable and allows him to connect with people from different walks of life. Thus, it is easy for the reader to squeeze Larkins views about marriage and his poems make the reader reconsider what marriage actually constitutes. Is it imprisonment, a happy funeral, an almost-instinct or is it a loss of identity? Regardless of the answer, Philip Larkin efficaciously conveys his message through the use of regular rhythm, rigid structure, enjambement, imagery and observations of ordinary people. Since Larkin never married, most of his poems are a generalisation of marriages that he observed and felt what marriage was like. Thus, we cannot whole-heartedly agree with all his views. As Larkin chose the path of bachelorhood, he probably used poetry as a replacement for marriage.

Thomas More’s Utopia and Aldus Huxley’s Brave New World :: Utopia Essays

Thomas Mores Utopia and Aldus Huxleys Brave current World , are novels about societies that differ from our own. Though the two authors have chosen different approaches to create an alternate society, both(prenominal) books have similarities which represent the visions of workforce who were moved to great indignation by the societies in which they lived. Both novels have transcended contemporary problems in society , they both have a structured, work establish civilization and both have separated themselves from the ways of past society. It is important when reading these novels to focus on the differences as well as the similarities. The two novels differ in their views of love, religion, and the way to eliminate social classes. These differences seem to suggest that if we do not come closer to Mores goal in Utopia, we pull up stakes end up in a society much like that of Huxleys Brave New World. Thomas Mores Utopia, is a miserable island where there is no r apacity or crime. The inhabitants of this island live as equals, no one does more work than another person and everyone feels secure with their place in society. By abolishing money and private property, More would rid society of greed and social ambition. Most of all, he wants to curtail pride, the evil he believes is at the blood line of all evils -- the infernal serpent that steals into the hearts of men, thwarting and holding them back from choosing the better way of life. Likewise, in Aldus Huxleys Brave New World, crime and greed have been eliminated and everybody is satisfied with their social status. This similarity between the two novels suggests that the authors may have seen a link between social status and crime. Indeed, in western civilization, it is evident through statistics that a large amount of crime takes place amongst the lower class. Both authors saw that by eliminating the self pity and jealousy that comes with a lower social status, they would also be e liminating the crime and greed that comes with it. In order to maintain a society free of social inequality both authors set up a civilization based on strict societal structure. In Mores Utopia, a system was set up so that all work was completed.

Traditional African Music Essays -- Musical Traditions Essays Papers

Traditional African MusicAn attempt to pin down a single meaning for the word traditional, presents a problem in many ways. The implications of the word be many, and are tied to various connotations. Some people, Westerners in particular, whitethorn actually shun the traditional, as they feel that it implies a resistance to modernity. This view is incorrect, and there exists an ethnocentric double standard when Westerners consider their tradition versus African tradition. Others think on tradition as that which has always been done, for whatever reason, and that it must be continued to maintain the community, a universal balance, a relationship with the gods, or some other(a) goal. Africa and its people contribute experienced many hardships over the course of history, from colonization to current attempts at development. Oppression, forced enslavement or other forms of brutality have been constant threats. These dangers have helped create a stronger African identity in many sense s. Difficult times bring out in humans a desire to cling to that which is known and familiar, as everything else seems to spiral out of control. As many slaves journeyed across the Middle Passage, for example, they disregarded language and ethnic barriers, and collaborated to make medicament as an escape from the horrors of their circumstances, in order to create a tie to the homeland. Groups such as the Tumbuka and Dagbamba have also done this. They have managed to retain a strong identity, partially due to the continued use of musical practices paradoxically, this has tied them to ancestral practices, but also made the transition to modernity easier. In dealings with societies where that which is modern is completely foreign and different from customary, holdin... ... Instead, it is multifaceted and complex. Contrary to what many believe, the retention of traditional practices and a transition to a modern state are not mutually exclusive. The role that tradition and customary b ehavior and practice play in society depends heavily on the situation and the individual reckon of the importance of maintaining traditional musical practices, the value placed on time and its rationing, and the possible symbiotic relationship between the modern and the traditional. The analysis of how these three ostensibly unrelated concepts interact with each other forms a basis for understanding the extent to which ?traditional? musical elements will be accepted or spurned by a particular society. ?Tradition? does not entail backwardness or inability to react to changes, but rather a continued prize for those who came before and their way of life.